NIPO ODIN Version 5.17

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Stratification (Quota)

A stratification file (S-file) is used to divide the sample into several quota groups in which a limited number of interviews must be realized. Stratification is counted on the survey sample, therefore a T-file or Sample table must be provided. Each cell must be defined in one separate record with the following format:

stratum field offset: characteristic (limit) description

Stratification amounts to storing a property, which is characteristic for a group of respondents, in the stratum field of their telephone records. Each stratum must have a unique characteristic. The characteristics may be stored in the Sample records before the interview program is called (stratification on input) or may be stored by the system during an interview (stratification on output).

The characteristic may be formed by a certain value or text. Characteristics containing blanks must be enclosed in quotation marks. A characteristic may occupy 79 positions. The description of a stratum may consist of up to 80 characters.

Once a stratification limit is exceeded, the sample records in that stratification cell are blocked (response code 21), which means new interviews cannot take place in that particular stratification cell. When using a T-file blocked sample records will no longer be drawn from the sample, not even after the stratification limit has been changed afterwards. When using a Sample table blocked Sample records will no longer be drawn, but will be released when a stratification limit has been changed by the NIPO Fieldwork System supervisor.

When stratification criteria are not known in advance (for instance: age and gender) you cannot check the stratum until after starting the interview, and quiring for the required information first. See the NIPO ODIN commands, *ADDRESS, *MOVA and *STRAT.

Example of a Survey stratification file (T-file)

286 : "N" (100) North
286 : "E" (100) East
286 : "S" (100) South
286 : "W" (100) West
287 : 1 (200) Males
287 : 2 (200) Females
288 : 1 (100) 18 - 34 years
288 : 2 (100) 35 - 44 years
288 : 3 (100) 45 - 54 years
288 : 4 (100) 55 years or older
287 : 11 (55) Males - 18 - 34 years
287 : 12 (55) Males - 35 - 44 years
287 : 13 (55) Males - 45 - 54 years
287 : 14 (55) Males - 55 years or older
287 : 21 (55) Females - 18 - 34 years
287 : 22 (55) Females - 35 - 44 years
287 : 23 (55) Females - 45 - 54 years
287 : 24 (55) Females - 55 years or older

Example of a Survey stratification file (Sample file)

Region : "N" (100) North
Region : "E" (100) East
Region : "S" (100) South
Region : "W" (100) West
GenderAge : 1 (200) Males
GenderAge : 2 (200) Females
GenderAge+1: 1 (100) 18 - 34 years
GenderAge+1: 2 (100) 35 - 44 years
GenderAge+1: 3 (100) 45 - 54 years
GenderAge+1: 4 (100) 55 years or older
GenderAge: 11 (55) Males - 18 - 34 years
GenderAge: 12 (55) Males - 35 - 44 years
GenderAge: 13 (55) Males - 45 - 54 years
GenderAge: 14 (55) Males - 55 years or older
GenderAge: 21 (55) Females - 18 - 34 years
GenderAge: 22 (55) Females - 35 - 44 years
GenderAge: 23 (55) Females - 45 - 54 years
GenderAge: 24 (55) Females - 55 years or older

The first stratum criterion is Region. The region in this example is stored in position 286 of the sample record (T-file), or in the field Region in the Sample table, where "N" stands for North, "E" stands for East, "S" stands for South and "W" stands for West. Each region is limited to 100 successful interviews. Note that the actual positions or codings that are used for your stratification depends on your T-file and might differ for each survey. Likewise, when using a Sample tables you c can choose an appropriate name for the field.

When a criterion contains non-numeric characters and / or spaces, it must be embedded in double quotes.

The second stratum criterion is Gender. For the T-file, a 1 in position 287 characterizes a Male, and 2 a Female. It's limit is 200 successful interviews each. For the Sample table, the Gender is stored in the first position of the GenderAge field.

The third criterion is Age Group. For the T-file, it is characterized by value 1 in position 288 for people up to 34, value 2 for people of 35 to 44, value 3 for people of 45 to 54 and value 4 for people of 55 and older. It is the second field in the GenderAge field in the Sample table, and is therefore referenced by GenderAge+1.

Finally there is the combined stratum criterion for gender and age. In a T-file, this is stored in consecutive positions 287-288. For the Sample table, these combinations are stored in a single field (GenderAge) since fields cannot be combined in the NIPO Fieldwork System. Each of the six combinations of Gender and Age Group has a target of 55 successful interviews. Note that in the combination of age and gender the targets do not add up to 100 per age category. This means that we do not need exactly 50 males of 18-34 and 50 females of 18-34, but accept that there can be 55 males of 18-34 and only 45 females of 18-34. The quota for 200 females will force that these 'missing' females are compensated in another age category.

Note:
In a stratification file for the NIPO Fieldwork System no empty lines or trailing returns are allowed. In the NIPO CAPI System empty lines, lines containing text only and trailing returns are allowed.

When using T-files, make sure the telephone file record length is wide enough when addressing high positions (>286 for the NIPO Fieldwork System, >776 for the NIPO CAPI System). It is not recommended to use positions used by the system.

See Also